Western+World+600-1450+CE


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This __** primary source **__ shows that, back when music started to be introduced in various forms, they started to write sheet music. This included the words and notes on the same document, so that it would be possible to sing the lyrics in song form. By putting the music and words in writing, there was a permanent record of the music that was pleasing to the church and was approved by the priests. ||< "Though the **church fathers** were ambivalent about the place of music in a moral life, music adorned the liturgy of the church as far back as we can trace. One of our early witnesses to plainchant practice with the nun **Egeria** whose account of her pilgrimage to Jerusalem from ca. 400 A.D. includes descriptions of psalms and singing. Over the next several centuries, the liturgy continued to develop until it took on the format for the mass and office that is familiar to the modern-day student of the medieval church.

This liturgical practice resulted in part from the religious reforms of **Charlemagne** (ca. 742-814), who drew on the resources of the church in his attempts to unify his empire. He replaced the disparate local and regional varieties of plainchant (such as Gallican, Mozarabic, and the like) with a single practice. According to Charlemagne's biographers, he wisely decided to send to 'the source,' that is to Rome, for the authoritative versions of chant. The resultant liturgical practice--in fact, a combination of Frankish and Roman elements--is commonly known as **Gregorian chant**, though recent research has shown that the Pope Gregory involved in the creation of the liturgy was likely Pope Gregory II (r. 715-731), rather than Pope Gregory I (r. 590-604) (see McKinnon, pp. 102ff).

The music of the church can be divided into chants for the **mass**, which combines a celebration of the Word of God and of the Eucharist, and those for the **office**, a daily cycle of services involving psalms and prayers, though the **requiem mass** differs from the daily mass in structure, and various **processions** are technically paraliturgical. Texts which change every day are called **proper**, while stable texts which repeat over most of the church year (such as the Kyrie, Gloria, Credo, Sanctus, and Agnus Dei) are called **ordinary**. Chant melodies range from a simple recitational style involving a single pitch (perhaps with some inflections to provide punctuation), through the straightforward chants which any member of the choir could sing, to the extremely elaborate soloistic chants. Melodies are also classified by how many notes there are per syllable: //syllabic// melodies have one note per syllable; //neumatic// melodies generally have two to five notes per syllable; and //melismatic// melodies have elaborate runs of six or more notes decorating several syllables over the course of the piece. Every service has a mixture of these styles, providing dramatic impetus to the liturgical action."

This __** secondary source **__ is from an online reference book that explains and outlines the music during Medieval times, important people, important dates, and certain vocabulary words that were familiar. It's an example that shows not only how many people were involved in music during this time, but also it shows what exactly was put into this music, and how it developed over time, and what it consisted of. The article expresses creators, and fine details on exactly what this music was like, and how it all came together.

To view the rest of the article, click on this link: http://people.vanderbilt.edu/~cynthia.cyrus/ORB/orbmusic.htm ||

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Throughout History there have been many different forms, types, genres, and periods of music. The creator of this video explains the history of the medieval (post-classical) and renaissance music, and how it changed music in the church. It also explains the phases of music, and what was developed during this time. It gives a basic outline on what's important about the types of music, and how some types of this music are still present in churches today.

http://edition.cnn.com/2009/SHOWBIZ/Music/12/04/tupac.vatican.playlist/index.html?iref=allsearch

This current event story reveals the combination of the music from the medieval times with the music of today. This article from CNN.com, explains that not only does Gregorian chant still exist in the Catholic churches, but it also has impacts on other cultures. Rap and Gregorian chant have had their own individual impacts on societies. Gregorian chant was the start of different music in churches and is reflected in today's songs. Rap is just another way that many people express themselves, in any way possible. It's big around the world, whether or not it's someone's favorite genre of music. Even though there might be some bias towards or against this decision of combining the two genres, this is something that may have an impact on people.